Purpose

Render turns positioned sources into speaker feeds and a binaural headphone mix. It calculates direct sound, room reflections, occlusion and reverb around a listener. Room describes the acoustic space, Speakers describes the loudspeaker positions, and Emitters supply the sources.

Use

Place Render from the Audio view of the Voro menu, under Other. Connect an Emitter’s bus to objects and its states to emitters. Connect Room’s scene and Speakers’ layout to the matching inputs. Route out to a multichannel output chain, or listen to binaural in headphones.

Set Listenerx, Listenery and Listenerz inside the room. Move an Emitter to hear its direction and distance change. A connected listener-pose stream supplies tracked position and heading in place of those controls.

Inputs and outputs

All inputs are optional.

• objects carries source audio, usually the bus from the final Emitter.
• emitters carries positions and controls for those sources.
• layout carries the speaker positions from Speakers.
• scene carries the acoustic space from Room.
• listener carries a tracked listener pose.
• bed adds an existing multichannel mix to the matching speaker output channels.
• out produces multichannel speaker audio. binaural produces stereo headphone audio.

Controls

• Panner selects VBAP for direction-based speaker panning or DBAP for distance-based panning.
• Binaural enables the headphone mix. Heading turns the listener, in degrees.
• Listenerid selects a tracked listener. -1 accepts any listener ID.
• Order selects direct sound only, first reflections or second reflections.
• Roomw, Roomh, Roomd, Rt60, Rthf, Reflection and Occluders describe the fallback room when no scene is connected.
• Rt60scale, Reflectiontrim and Walllpscale adjust decay, reflection level and reflection filtering, including when Room supplies the scene.
• Occlusionsoft adjusts how strongly obstacles block sound. Reverb sets the late reverb level and Gain sets the output level.
• Maxobjects limits the number of sources processed, up to 64. Set it high enough to include the slots used by your Emitters.

Notes

Without a speaker layout, Render creates a default ring. Use Speakers to match a physical installation. Binaural uses a parametric headphone model. The multichannel bed goes to the speaker outputs, so use out when checking that input.

Ports

Inputs

• objects row
  audio_pcm_f32_multi_v1audio_pcm_f32_mono_v1audio_pcm_f32_stereo_v1
• emitters row
  emitter_state_v1
• layout row
  speaker_layout_v1
• bed row
  audio_pcm_f32_multi_v1
• scene row
  acoustic_scene_v1
• listener row
  listener_pose_v1

Outputs

• out row
  audio_pcm_f32_multi_v1
• binaural row
  audio_pcm_f32_stereo_v1

Parameters

Roomw (Roomw) Float op('space_render').par.Roomw

Default:

8

Range:

1 to 100

Roomh (Roomh) Float op('space_render').par.Roomh

Default:

3.5

Range:

1 to 100

Roomd (Roomd) Float op('space_render').par.Roomd

Default:

6

Range:

1 to 100

Rt60 (Rt60) Float op('space_render').par.Rt60

Default:

0.9

Range:

0.1 to 12

Rthf (Rthf) Float op('space_render').par.Rthf

Default:

0.45

Range:

0.1 to 1

Reflection (Reflection) Float op('space_render').par.Reflection

Default:

0.68

Range:

0 to 0.95

Order (Order) Menu op('space_render').par.Order

Default:

first

Options:

direct, first, second

Occluders (Occluders) Str op('space_render').par.Occluders

Default:

"" (Empty String)

Occlusionsoft (Occlusionsoft) Float op('space_render').par.Occlusionsoft

Default:

0.5

Range:

0 to 1

Listenerx (Listenerx) Float op('space_render').par.Listenerx

Default:

4

Range:

-100 to 100

Listenery (Listenery) Float op('space_render').par.Listenery

Default:

1.6

Range:

-100 to 100

Listenerz (Listenerz) Float op('space_render').par.Listenerz

Default:

3

Range:

-100 to 100

Heading (Heading) Float op('space_render').par.Heading

Default:

0

Range:

-180 to 180

Listenerid (Listenerid) Int op('space_render').par.Listenerid

Default:

-1

Range:

-1 to 63

Panner (Panner) Menu op('space_render').par.Panner

Default:

vbap

Options:

vbap, dbap

Binaural (Binaural) Toggle op('space_render').par.Binaural

Default:

On

Options:

Off, On

Rt60scale (Rt60scale) Float op('space_render').par.Rt60scale

Default:

1

Range:

0.05 to 8

Reflectiontrim (Reflectiontrim) Float op('space_render').par.Reflectiontrim

Default:

0

Range:

-1 to 1

Walllpscale (Walllpscale) Float op('space_render').par.Walllpscale

Default:

1

Range:

0.1 to 4

Gain (Gain) Float op('space_render').par.Gain

Default:

0.8

Range:

0 to 2

Reverb (Reverb) Float op('space_render').par.Reverb

Default:

1

Range:

0 to 2

Maxobjects (Maxobjects) Int op('space_render').par.Maxobjects

Default:

16

Range:

1 to 64